软组织肉瘤

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胃肠道间质瘤 (GIST)

胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）是一种始发于消化系统的癌症。GIST 多见于胃部和小肠。

GIST 是一种细胞生长物，被认为是由一种特殊的神经细胞形成。这些特殊的神经细胞位于消化器官的内壁中。它们会参与在体内运送食物的过程。

小的 GIST 可能不会导致症状，而且其生长可能非常缓慢，刚开始并不会引发问题。随着 GIST 生长，可能引发一些体征和症状。它们可能包括：

  • 腹痛
  • 感觉腹部有生长物
  • 疲劳
  • 恶心
  • 呕吐
  • 进食后腹部出现痉挛性疼痛
  • 在该饿的时候感觉不到饿
  • 吃少量食物就有饱腹感
  • 消化系统出血导致深色粪便

GIST 可发于任何年龄段，但在成人中最常见，在儿童中十分罕见。大多数 GIST 的病因尚不清楚。少数是由于父母遗传给孩子的基因所致。

Types

症状

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor symptoms include:

  • A growth in the belly area.
  • Belly pain.
  • Fatigue.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Not feeling hungry when you would expect to.
  • Feeling full if you eat only a small amount of food.
  • Dark-colored stools caused by bleeding in the digestive system.

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you.

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病因

The cause of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor often isn't known. This cancer, which also is called a GIST, happens in the digestive system. It most often affects the stomach and small intestine. GISTs are thought to begin in nerve cells in the walls of the digestive organs. These nerve cells play a part in the process that moves food through the body.

A GIST starts when nerve cells in the digestive system develop changes in their DNA. A cell's DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA gives instructions to grow and multiply at a set rate. The instructions tell the cells to die at a set time. In cancer cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and multiply quickly. Cancer cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells.

The cancer cells might form a mass called a tumor. The tumor can grow to invade and destroy healthy body tissue. In time, cancer cells can break away and spread. When cancer spreads, it's called metastatic cancer.

风险因素

Risk factors for gastrointestinal stromal tumor, also called GIST, include:

  • Family history. People with a family history of GISTs may be at increased risk of this cancer.
  • Hereditary syndromes. People with some conditions that run in families may be more likely to have GISTs. Examples include neurofibromatosis type 1 and Carney-Stratakis syndrome.
  • Adult age. A GIST can happen at any age. This cancer happens most often in adults. It's rare in children.

来自妙佑医疗国际员工
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症状与病因
Dec. 04, 2024
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  1. Feldman M, et al., eds. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In: Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 8, 2021.
  2. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1507. Accessed Dec. 8, 2021.
  3. Goldblum JR, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and extragastrointestinal GIST. In: Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 8, 2021.

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胃肠道间质瘤 (GIST)